Revelation: Old Covenants Fulfilled

OLD COVENANTS FULFILLED

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This page is a collection of charts from:
- Understanding the Scriptures, Scott Hahn. 2005 MTF
- AgapeBibleStudy.com, Michal E. Hunt. 1998-2008

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---------------------THE FIRST COVENANT-------------------

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ADAM	JESUS, THE NEW ADAM
Adam was “the son of God” (Mt 1:1)	Jesus was the only-begotten Son of God
Adam was tempted by the devil, and fell	Jesus was tempted by the devil, but resisted
Adam disobeyed God	Jesus was perfectly obedient, even to death
Adam brought sin and death to all humanity	Jesus saved all humanity from sin and death
Adam lost our place in paradise	Jesus restores our place in paradise

THE VIRGIN EVE	THE VIRGIN MARY
Daughter of the first Covenant	Daughter of the Sinai Covenant
Pledged obedience under the covenant	Pledged obedience under the covenant
Eve’s disobedience resulted in the fall into sin of the entire human race. The result was death, physically and spiritually.	Mary’s obedience to God resulted in the offer of the gift of salvation to the entire human race. The result through her son would be victory over physical and spiritual death and the gift of eternal life

ADAM	CHRIST
A man made in the divine image	He is the form and very essence of God: Colossians 2:6
Thought equality with God something to be grasped at	Jesus humbled Himself and hid His divinity in His humanity: Colossians 2:6
He spurned the role of God’s obedient servant	Jesus took upon Himself the form of a servant in complete obedience: Colossians 2:7
The man Adam fell from grace in his desire to be like God	Jesus hid His divinity and came in the likeness of man: Colossians 2:7
Adam aspired to be greater than he was	Jesus aspired to no reputation but lived a life of humility: Colossians 2:8
Adam in being a man exalted himself and became disobedient unto death	Jesus being found in appearance as a man humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death: Colossians 2:8
Adam suffered loss of God’s grace and was condemned to dust and disgrace	Jesus was exalted by God, glorified and raised from the dead to sit at the right hand of the Father: Colossians 2:9-11

ADAM AND CHRIST ALIKE	ADAM AND CHRIST UNALIKE
Both Adam and Christ had an affect upon the whole human race	Sin and death came from Adam while righteousness and life came from Christ
Both endured the temptation of Satan	Adam failed and Christ was victorious
Through both Adam and Christ humanity receives an “inheritance”	Through Adam’s failure humanity inherits death, original sin and personal sin becomes a plague on mankind. Through Christ’s victory humanity inherits adoption into God family and the promise of eternal life.
Both were human men	Jesus was both human and divine
Both the acts of Adam and Jesus invoke a divine verdict	Satan stood behind the act of Adam while the grace of God stood behind Christ; the verdict behind Adam’s act is judgment while the verdict behind Jesus’ is acquittal
Both Adam and Jesus exercised their free will.	Adam willingly fell from grace; Jesus willingly laid down His life in sacrifice for all mankind
Both were born into the world as sinless and immortal beings	Adam lost his immortality when he fell from grace; Jesus made God’s gift of immortality once again available to man

TEMPTATION: THE FIRST AND SECOND ADAMS CONTRASTED
1 John 2:16	Genesis 3:6	Luke 4:1-13
“If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father finds no place in him…”	The First Adam: “Did God really say you were not to eat from any of the trees…?”	Second Adam = Jesus of Nazareth: “Then the devil said to Him…
the lust of the flesh: “disordered bodily desires”	“The woman saw the tree was good to eat..”	“tell this stone to turn into a loaf”
the lust of the eyes: “disordered desires of the eyes”	“..and pleasing to the eye, and…”	“the devil…showed Him all the kingdoms of the world”
the pride of life: “pride in possession”	“that it was enticing for the wisdom that it could give.”	“If you are the Son …throw Yourself down from here”

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---------------------THE SECOND COVENANT-------------------

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CREATION	THE FLOOD (a new creation)	BAPTISM (our own new creation)
	Forty days and forty nights of rain prepare for a new creation	Forty days and forty nights of fasting and penance prepare for our new creation
Creation begins with nothing but water	The new creation begins with nothing but water	Our new creation begins with nothing but water
God’s Spirit moves across the waters	God’s Spirit moves across the waters	God’s Spirit comes to us with the water
God tells the first people to “be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth”	God tells Noah and his family to “be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth”	God tells us to “make disciples of all nations.” In other words, to fill the earth with Christians

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---------------------THE THIRD COVENANT-------------------

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FULFILLMENT OF THE PROMISES TO ABRAHAM
ABRAHAM’S COVENANT	FULFILLMENT
A Name – Descendants	The Nation of Israel
Land	The Kingdom of David
Worldwide Blessing	Baptism in Jesus Christ

MELCHIZEDEK AND CHRIST

A righteous firstborn son.

Serves Yahweh as priest and king.

Melchizedek rules in Salem /Jerusalem, and Jesus rules in the heavenly Jerusalem

Priestly offering of bread and wine; Jesus = Eucharist

Receives tithes & offerings

Higher order of priesthood than the Sinai Covenant Levitical priesthood: Melchizedek's priesthood, like Jesus' priesthood, is based on his firstborn son-ship not on heredity through the line of Levi as will be the Levitical priesthood of the Sinai Covenant.

Biblical references to Melchizedek: Psalms 110:4; Hebrews 5:5-10; 6:20; 7:1-17

ISAAC FORESHADOWED CHRIST

Isaac and Jesus were "only, beloved" sons of a righteous father [Ishmael had been sent away]

Both Isaac and Jesus are identified as the "son of Abraham" [see Matthew 1:1]

Both were offered in sacrifice

The sacrifice was offered in the land of Moriah - Jerusalem

Both sons carried the wood for their own sacrifice [see John 19:27]

Both were "bound" and placed on top of the wood

Both willingly allow themselves to be offered in sacrifice

JOSEPH	JESUS
1. Joseph escapes death by going into Egypt.	1. Jesus escapes death by going into Egypt
2. He is betrayed by his brothers, the sons of Jacob/Israel.	2. Jesus is betrayed by his brothers, the sons of Israel--the Jews.
3. Joseph's brothers believed he was dead but he was found to be alive.	3. Jesus was believed to be dead but He was Resurrected from the dead.
4. Joseph is the beloved son of Jacob	4. Jesus is the beloved Son of God

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---------------------THE FOURTH COVENANT-------------------

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MOSES	JESUS, THE NEW MOSES
Born in the reign of ruthless pharaoh	Born in the reign of the ruthless Herod
Escaped when Pharaoh ordered all the male children of the Hebrews killed	Escaped when Herod ordered all the male children of Bethlehem killed
Exiled in Midian before his ministry	Exiled in Egypt before his ministry
Passed through the waters of the Red Sea	Passed through the waters of the Jordan in baptism
Tested in the wilderness 40 years	Tested in the wilderness 40 days
Fasted for 40 days and nights at Sinai	Fasted for 40 days and nights in the wilderness
First sign: changed water into blood	First sign: changed water into wine, later wine into blood
Brought the Law down from a mountain	Taught the New Law from a mountain
Gave Israel manna and water in the wilderness	Gave all people true heavenly food and spiritual drink
Led Israel out of bondage in Egypt	Led all people out of bondage of sin and death

TYPOLOGY OF MOSES AND JESUS
MOSES	CHRIST
An evil king tried to kill him as a baby: Ex. 1:22	King Herod tired to kill baby Jesus: Matt 2:16
He was hidden from the evil king: Ex 2:2	An angel said to hide the child: Matt 2:13
Moses was sent into Egypt to preserve his life: Ex. 2:3-4	Jesus was taken into Egypt to preserve His life: Matt 2:13-15
He was saved by women: his mother: Ex.2:3; Miriam 2:4; Pharaoh's daughter 2:5-10	Mary saved and helped Jesus: Matt 2:14
Pharaoh's daughter adopted him: Ex 2:10	Joseph adopted Jesus: Matt 1:25
Moses became a prince of Egypt: Ex 2:10	Jesus is the Prince of Peace
Long period of silence from childhood to adulthood	Long period of silence from childhood to adulthood
He had a secret identity	Messianic secret = Jesus the Son of God
He tired to save a Hebrew kinsman: Ex 2:11-12	Jesus came to save His Hebrew kinsman first: Mk 7:26-28
Went from being a prince to a pauper: Ex 2:15-19	Went from being God to being man: John 1:1-3; Mark 6:3
Saved women at a well: Ex. 2:15-19	Saved a woman at a well: John 4
Became a shepherd: Ex 3:1	He is the Good Shepherd: John 10:11
Moses' mission was to redeem Israel from slavery to Egypt	Jesus' mission is to redeem mankind from slavery to sin
He was often rejected by his own people	Jesus was rejected by His own people
Moses will give God's law on the mountain of Sinai	Jesus will give the new law from the Mt. of Beatitudes
Moses is the prophet of the Old Covenant Church: Deut. 18;15,17	Jesus is the prophet, priest, and King of a New and everlasting Covenant = the Universal [Catholic] Church: Deut 18:17-19; Jn 4:18; Heb. 6:20-8:13; 2 Sam 7:16; 1 Tim 1:16-17; 6:14-15; Rev 17:14
Moses will offer to sacrifice his life for the lives of the Covenant people: Ex 32:30-33	Jesus will sacrifice His life for the redemption of mankind: Mk 10:45; Rom. 6:20-23; 1Cor 5:7-8
Moses is the leader of the old exodus out of bondage in Egypt to redemption from slavery and through him God will form Israel into a holy covenant people—the Old Covenant Church	Jesus is the leader of the new exodus out of bondage to sin and redemption from the power of death. Through Him a new covenant people will be formed—a new Israel that will be the New Covenant Universal [Catholic] Church.

PASSOVER LAMB	JESUS, THE LAMB OF GOD
The lamb must be without blemish (Ex 12:5)	Jesus was without sin
The lambs were slaughtered by the priests beginning at the sixth hour on the day of Preparation	Jesus was handed over to be crucified at “about the sixth hour” on the day of Preparation (Jn 19:14-16)
No bones of the lamb could be broken (Ex 12: 46)	Jesus’ bones were not broken, although soldiers broke the bones of other crucified criminals (Jn 19: 32-33)
A branch of hyssop was used for sprinkling the blood of the lamb (Ex 12:22)	The sponge of vinegar was given to Jesus on a branch of hyssop (Jn 19:29)
The high priest wore a holy linen tunic when making the sacrifice (Lv 16:4)	Jesus, our High Priest, wore a seamless linen tunic before his crucifixion

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---------------------THE FIFTH COVENANT-------------------

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SON OF DAVID (Old Kings of Israel)	SON OF DAVID (Jesus Christ)
Descended from David	Descended from David
Anointed by Levites	Baptized by John, a Levite
Ruler of an international empire	Lord of all the nations
Paid homage by foreign princes	Paid homage by the Magi
Builds the Temple	Rebuilds the temple of his body
Promised an everlasting kingdom	Receives a truly everlasting kingdom

DAVIDIC COVENANT: 7 PRIMARY FEATURES
OLD COVENANT	NEW COVENANT
Kingdom	Kingdom of Heaven
Dynasty	Baptism makes us Children of God
Temple	The Body of the Church is the Temple
God’s Own Son	Christ is the true Son of God
Never Ending	Everlasting and Eternal
Unlimited	Reaches all People of all time
Law for All Humanity – Wisdom through Solomon	Wisdom through God Himself

DAVIDIC COVENANT: 3 SECONDARY FEATURES
OLD COVENANT	NEW COVENANT
Queen Mother 1 Kgs 1:18 / 1 Kgs 2:19 The king could not deny the will of his mother.	Jesus began His ministry at the will of the Queen Mother, the Virgin Mary John 2:1-11
Prime Minister Is 22:15-25 The office demanded succession by passing on the Keys to the Kingdom to the newly appointed	Jesus is the King. He gave His keys to the Prime Minister, Peter, and his office demands succession Matthew 16:18-19
Thank Offering Ps 110 / 2 Sm 6:19 / Ps 50:13-15 / Ps 116:8,17-10 The most important action was the offering of thanks to God for his mercy and everlasting love. This was named the “Todah” offering (“Eucharistia” in Greek).	Jesus instituted the new perpetual, unleavened bread, thank offering - the Eucharist Matthew 26:17-30; Mark 14:12-26; Luke 22:7-38

CONTENTS OF THE ARK OF THE COVENANT	MARY’S WOMB
The 10 Commandments = the word of God	Jesus: the Living Word of God
A pot of the manna, the bread from heaven	Jesus: the Living Bread come down from heaven
Aaron's staff or branch that came back to life as a sign of God's favor	Jesus: "The Branch" of the House of David that died but came to life again

PROMISES MADE TO DAVID	PROMISES MADE TO MARY
“I am going to make your fame as great as the fame of the greatest on earth.” 2 Samuel 7:9	Luke 1:32 “…and you will name him Jesus. He will be great…”
“Yahweh furthermore tells you he will make you a dynasty. And when your days are over and you fall asleep with your ancestors, I shall appoint your heir, your own son to succeed you and I shall make his sovereignty secure.” 2 Samuel 7:11-13	“The Lord will give him the throne of his ancestor David; he will rule over the House of Jacob for ever and his reign will have no end.” Luke 1:32-33
“I shall be a father to him and he a son to me..” 2 Samuel 7:14	“And so the child will be holy and will be called Son of God.” Luke 1:32

THE ARK OF THE COVENANT	THE VIRGIN MARY THE NEW ARK OF THE COVENANT
God the Holy Spirit overshadowed and then indwelled the Ark. The Ark became the dwelling place of the presence of God [Exodus 40:34-35]	God the Holy Spirit overshadowed and the indwelled Mary. At that time Mary's womb became the dwelling place of the presence of God [Luke 1:35].
The Ark contained the Ten Commandments [the words of God in stone], a pot of manna, and Aaron's rod that came back to life [Deuteronomy 10:3-5; Hebrews 9:4].	The womb of the Virgin contained Jesus: the living Word of God enfleshed, the living bread from heaven, "the Branch" (Messianic title) who would die but come back to life [Luke 1:35].
The Ark traveled to the hill country of Judah to rest in the house of Obed-edom [2 Samuel 6:1-11]	Mary traveled to the hill country of Judah (Judea) to the home of Elizabeth [Luke 1:39]
Dressed in a priestly ephod, King David approached the Ark and danced and leapt for joy [2 Samuel 6:16]	John the Baptist, son of a priest who would himself becomes a priest, leapt for joy in Elizabeth's womb at the approach of Mary [Luke 1:44]
David shouted for joy in the presence of God and the holy Ark [2 Samuel 6:15]	Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry of joy in the presence God within Mary [Luke 1:42]
David asked, "How is it that the Ark of the Lord comes to me?" [2 Samuel 6:9]	Elizabeth asks, "Why is this granted unto me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?" [Luke 1:43]
The Ark remained in the house of Obed-edom for 3 months [2 Samuel 6:11]	Mary remained in the house of her cousin Elizabeth for 3 months [Luke 1:56].
The house of Obed-edom was blessed by the presence of the Ark [2 Samuel 6:11]	The word "blessed" is used 3 times in Luke 1:39-45 concerning Mary at Elizabeth's house.
The Ark returned to its sanctuary and eventually ends up in Jerusalem where the presence and glory of God is revealed in the newly built Temple [2 Samuel 6:12; 1 Kings 8:9-11]	Mary returned home from visiting Elizabeth and eventually comes to Jerusalem, where she presents God the Son in the Temple [Luke 1:56; 2:21-22]
God made Aaron's rod (which would be kept in the Ark) return to life and budded to prove he was the legitimate High Priest [Numbers 17:8].	God would resurrect His Son, who had become enfleshed in Mary's womb and born to bring salvation to all mankind, to prove He is the eternal High Priest [Hebrews 4:14].
When the Ark was outside the Holy of Holies [when it was being transported] it was to be covered with a blue veil [Numbers 4:4-6]	In Mary's appearances outside of heaven visionaries testify that she wears a blue veil.
In Revelation 11:19 John sees the Ark of the Covenant in heaven [this is the last verse of chapter 11]	In Revelation 12:1 John sees Mary in heaven. It is the same vision Juan Diego saw of Mary in 1531 — the Woman clothed with the sun and standing on the moon.

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----------------THE NEW AND EVERLASTING COVENANT--------------

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IMPORTANCE OF JONAH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
JONAH	JESUS
1. His mission was to call the gentile Assyrians of Nineveh to repentance and acknowledgement of Yahweh as the source of their salvation [Jonah 1:1; 3:1-2].	1. His mission was to call all of mankind, including the gentile nations, to repentance and into Covenant with Yahweh [Matthew 28:18-20].
2. Jonah was willing to sacrifice his life for the salvation of his shipmates [Jonah 1:12].	2. Jesus was willing to sacrifice His life for the salvation of the world [Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45; John 1:29; 1 Timothy 2:6].
3. He was entombed in the belly of a great fish [Jonah 2:1].	3. After Jesus’ death He was placed in a tomb [Matthew 27:60; Mark 6:29; Luke 23:53].
4. On the third day Jonah was “resurrected” from the belly of the fish [Jonah 2:11].	4. On the third day Jesus was resurrected from the tomb [Matthew 17:23; 20:19; 28:1-10; Mark 9:31; 10:34; 16:1-7; Luke 9:22; 18:33; 24:7; 24:46].
5. After his “resurrection” from the belly of the fish, Jonah continued his mission to call the gentile Assyrians to repentance and salvation [Jonah 3:1-3].	5. After His resurrection from the tomb, Jesus continued His mission to found the universal Church and to commission the Apostles to spread the gospel to every nation on earth ;it is a mission that continues even after His Ascension [Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:12-20; Luke 24:13-53; Acts chapter 1].
6. Jonah preached that Nineveh would be destroyed in 40 days if the people did not repent [Jonah 3:4].	6. After His resurrection, Jesus taught the New Covenant Church for 40 days before His Ascension [Acts 1:3].
7. Jonah taught that failure to repent sin brings judgment but salvation is a gift of God [Jonah 1:1; 3:4-5, 9-10]	7. Jesus taught that failure to repent sin brings judgment but salvation is a gift of God [Matthew 5:21-22; John 5:22-29; 8:34-36; Luke 24:47; John 3:17; 5:34; 10:19; Acts 2:21].

SIX MAJOR COVENANTS OF SALVATION HISTORY
COVENANT	SIGN	TEXT
1. Adam -fertility -dominion over the earth	Tree of Life	Genesis 1:28-30 Genesis 2:15-17
2. Noah and the earth -never destroyed by flood again	Rainbow	Genesis 8:21-9:1-17
3. Abraham = 3-fold -land -nation (descendants) -world wide blessing	Circumcision On the 8^th day	Genesis 15:1-18 Genesis 17: 1-27 Genesis 18:18 & 22:18
4. Moses & Israel -Sinai Covenant establishing divine liturgy & covenant sacraments	Ark of the Covenant Tabernacle 10 Commandments	Exodus 19 forward
5. David -dynasty and throne forever secure	Throne/ Temple	2 Samuel 7:11-17
6. Jesus (Yah-shua = Yahweh saves or I save) also written Yehosua = Joshua	The Cross, the true “Tree of Life”	4 Gospels

THE TWO COVENANTS COMPARED
THE OLD COVENANT (Hebrews 9:1-10)	THE NEW COVENANT (Hebrews 9:11-28)
Obsolete now that Christ has come Hebrews 8:13	A better covenant brought about by Christ Hebrews 7:19; 8:6-7
Originated at Mt. Sinai Galatians 4:24-25	Originated from the heavenly Jerusalem Galatians 4:26-27
Blessings and punishments were temporal: brought judgment, death, condemnation 2 Corinthians 3:7-9	Blessings and punishments are eternal: brings eternal life Ephesians 2:1-13; Revelation 20:11-21:4
Impossible to obey perfectly because of human weakness and slavery to sin Romans 8:3	Fulfilled perfectly by Christ 1 Corinthians 11:25
Established in the blood of sacrifice: required continual daily atonement for unintentional sins. There was no remedy for intentional sin because no animal was perfect enough to forgive mortal sin. In animal sacrifice the blood of the animal was separated from the body and both are offered in sacrifice. With the exception of the whole burnt offerings other sacrifices are eaten: Ex. 12:7; 24:5-11; 29:10-18; Lev. 1:1-13; 6:17-22; 19:17; 7:6-7 Numbers 15:27-31; Hebrews 9:7; 10:1-4;	Established in the blood of sacrifice: In the celebration of the first Eucharist Jesus separated His Body from His Blood [Lk.22:19-20]—the sacrifice must be eaten [John 6:53-56]. Christ atoned for all sin once for all and cleanses the conscience. The application of His sacrifice is on-going as He stands before the Father as both our High Priest and the perfect Lamb of Sacrifice Hebrews 9:12; 10:2, 22; Revelation 5:5-6
Restricted access to God Hebrews 9:7-8	Christ opened access to God for all Hebrews 9:15-16